History of contrastive linguistics lecture recorded on 24th sept 2012. Narrowly defined, contrastive linguistics can be regarded as a branch of comparative linguistics that is concerned with pairs of languages which are socioculturally linked. Training loglinear models on unlabeled data noah a. Comparative linguistics english arabic pdf 15 download bb84b2e1ba a linguistic comparison. Contrastive and comparative linguistics prepublication version marcin kuczok university of silesia, katowice key words. Arabic and english evin hughesthe arabic language is a community of languages that differ from one arab country to the next. Pdf contrastive and comparative linguistics marcin kuczok. Contrastive linguistics encourages submissions from authors living in different countries, speaking different languages, belonging to different linguistic schools.
The reason for this is that the ability to acquire a language native declines rapidly after puberty. Contrastive analysis, error analysis, interlanguage and. Contrastive linguistics and the language teacher by jacek. The study of the nature, structure, and variation of language, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, sociolinguistics, and pragmatics. In contrast to historical comparative linguistics hcl, the oldest branch of comparative linguistics, contrastive analysis ca is neither concerned with historical. Narrowly the term contrastive linguistics is defined as a branch of comparative linguistics analysing two languages with a socialcultural link, broadly the study. Dec 04, 2011 comparative and contrastive studies of information structure. A contrastive analysis between english and korean comparative constructions1 jongbok kim kyung hee university kim, jongbok.
On the use of corpora in contrastive studies benjamins 2007. Project muse comparative and contrastive studies of. It will be shown that only by relating contrastive linguistics to other subfields of comparative linguistics and by delimiting it from them will we obtain a clear picture of. A methodology for translation by jeanpaul vinay and jean darbelnet the btl aims to stimulate research and training in translation and interpreting studies. Mar 16, 2020 contrastive linguistics seeks to study and explain any two languages. The library provides a forum for a variety of approaches which may. Trends in linguistics considers itself a forum for cuttingedge. Gast 2011 describes contrastive linguistics in two aspects. Comparativehistorical linguistics linguistics oxford. The basic model used for the research is the transformational generative one. When it became clear that contrastive linguistics was not going to provide the foundation for a comprehensive theory of foreignlanguage learning, the field started showing signs of strain.
Contrastive linguistics emerged as a major subfield of applied linguistics in the 1940s and consolidated quickly throughout the 1950s and 1960s. What is contrastive analysis linguistics philology. On this view, contrastive linguistics is a special case of linguistic typology and is distinguished from other. Carrizo, noelia chain, andrea faerman, sandra gordillo, eugenia the place of ca in linguistics linguistics. Contrastive analysis and learner language 2 preface the present text has grown out of several years work on the englishnorwegian parallel corpus enpc, as presented in my recent monograph seeing through multilingual corpora. It will be shown that only by relating contrastive linguistics to other subfields of comparative linguistics and by delimiting it from them will we obtain a clear picture of its agenda, its potential and its limits. Title papers and studies in contrastive linguistics, volume. For crosscultural translation of color terms, a formal munsell color chart can provide a common structure on which to map various language terms for color. There are multiple fields in the realms of linguistics to which contrastive analysis ca is applicable. The subject matter of contrastive linguistics narrowly defined, contrastive linguistics can be regarded as a branch of comparative linguistics that is concerned with pairs of.
The publication of robert lados book linguistics across cultures in 1957 was the start of modern applied contrastive linguistics. Contrastive phonology introduction the task of learning a second language is much more arduous than that involved with ones first language. The comparative method in historical linguistics is concerned with the reconstruction of an earlier language or earlier state of a language on the basis of a comparison of related words and expressions in different languages or dialects derived from it. Comparative linguistics attempts to identify the regular correspondences between languages that result from historical changes. Although lado 1957 included a comparison of cultures, early contrastive studies focused on what has been described as microlinguistic contrastive analysis. Historical linguistics, a former application of ca, which is subsumed under the name comparative linguistics, a branch in linguistics not to be confused with ca.
Contrastive analysis ca was a hypothesis pioneered in the late 1950s by robert lado and his book linguistics across cultures. Contrastive analysis ca is the systematic comparison of two or more languages. I would like first give an example of the relevance of comparative evidence for theoretical linguistics. Thus, contrastive analysis followers suggest that teachers do contrastive analysis between the native language and the target language so as to predict the learning. The authors should be congratulated on a truly remarkable achievement. Two languages can be said to be socioculturally linked when i they are used by a considerable number of bior multilingual speakers, andor ii a substantial amount of linguistic output text, oral discourse. Papers and studies in contrastive linguistics, vol. Contrastive linguistics seeks to study and explain any two languages. International journal of linguistics, literature and translation ijllt issn. Contrastive grammar deals with the synchronic analysis of similarities and differences of two or more languages. Contrastive rhetoric language and rhetoric reflect culture, and this video discusses argumentation strategies. While traditional linguistic studies had developed comparative methods. Document res une ed 341 244 fl 020 000 author fisiak, jacek, ed. Comparative linguistics, study of the relationships or correspondences between two or more languages and the techniques used to discover whether the languages have a common ancestor.
The series publishes stateoftheart work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks, as well as studies that provide new insights by approaching language from an interdisciplinary perspective. Pub date sep 73 note 43p paper presented at the annual meeting of bail. The place of contrastive linguistics in language comparison. This title illustrates this trend with a representative sample of contrastive linguistic case studies. Often used to reconstruct historic language trees, showing how whole language families devel. Comparative constructions display the most intriguing properties in natural. Pdf contrastive analysis between english and arabic. Pdf contrastive and comparative linguistics marcin. Eric is an online library of education research and information, sponsored by the institute of education sciences ies of the u. Comparative linguistics languages are complex dynamic systems that change constantly.
Contrastive linguistics is a practiceoriented linguistic approach that seeks to describe the differences and similarities between a pair of languages hence it is occasionally called differential linguistics. Comparative linguistics is the scientific study of language from a comparative point of view, which means that it is involved in comparing and classifying languages. Contrastive analysis in linguistics linguistics oxford. This is correlated with what is known about the differences between languages in a second chapter on contrastive analysis. Contrastive analysis sil glossary of linguistic terms.
Contrastive linguistics is the first book written by a linguist from mainland china on the histories and principles of comparing and contrasting chinese and western languages, specifically english. An overview of contrastive analysis hypothesis citeseerx. Any aspect of language may be covered, including vocabulary, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, text and discourse, stylistics, sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics. Contrastive linguistics wikipedia republished wiki 2. Thus, contrastive analysis followers suggest that teachers do contrastive analysis between the native language and the target language so as to predict the learning problems that will be faced by the students. Languages in contrast welcomes interdisciplinary studies, such as those that make links between contrastive linguistics and. This entails that a contrastive information structure analysis which is based on a linguistic theory which denies the independence of the form from the meaning. Comparative and historical linguistics are often treated as a single discipline, although they actually differ considerably with respect to their goals and methods. For the comparative construction in language, see comparative. This collection of papers is the first in a series resulting from the polishenglish contrastive project.
Comparative linguistics, in the relevant sense, is the study of linguistic relatedness, that is to say, of genetic or ancestral connections and related matters of subgrouping extending to the reconstruction of unattested ancestral languages or protolanguages. While traditional linguistic studies had developed comparative methods comparative linguistics, chiefly to demonstrate family relations between cognate languages, or to illustrate the historical developments of one or more languages, modern contrastive linguistics intends to show in what ways the two respective languages differ, in order to help in the solution of practical problems. Describes the activities of the center for applied linguistics in the field of contrastive linguistics since its founding in 1959. What is contrastive analysis in applied linguistics. Comparative linguistics, or comparative historical linguistics formerly.
Contrastive linguistics essay topics, sample papers. At this time, behaviorism and structuralism structural linguistics were predominate in. Contrastive linguistics and the language teacher book. This includes listing the differences and similarities between them. Contrastive linguistics, like other linguistic disciplines, is becoming more and more dataoriented, relying increasingly on the statistical analysis of corpus data to reveal and investigate the similarities and dissimilarities between languages. Comparative linguistics, or comparative historical linguistics formerly comparative philology is a branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages to establish their historical relatedness genetic relatedness implies a common origin or protolanguage and comparative linguistics aims to construct language families, to reconstruct protolanguages and specify the. All methods and viewpoints are welcome, provided they contribute something new, original or challenging to contrastive linguistics and related issues. Traditionally, such genetic relationships have been demonstrated us.
Contrastive linguistics and language comparison ekkehard konig. Historical linguistics is about how and why language changes over time. Like other sciences, comparative linguistics is much more interesting and useful if it has a solid theoretical foundation. Contrastive linguistics definition is a branch of linguistics concerned with showing the differences and similarities in the structure of at least two languages or dialects. View contrastive linguistics research papers on academia. It was first suggested by whorf 1941 as contrastive linguistics, a comparative study which emphasizes on linguistic differences. International journal of linguistics, literature and.
The subject matter of contrastive linguistics narrowly defined, contrastive linguistics can be regarded as a branch of comparative. Finally, there was the problem of finding a place for contrastive linguistics within the spectrum of language comparison, relative to other comparative approaches to linguistic analysis. A formalfunctional approach for contrastive linguistics. The emphasis throughout is on current research rather than on established textbook knowledge. What this means is that comparative linguistics should not just go out and collect a lot of data from a lot of languages. Trends in linguistics is a series of books that open new perspectives in our understanding of language. Two main comparative approaches seem to be used in current contrastive analysis, the structural and the transformational. This refers to the fact that speakers of a language a are likely to transfer structural features of their native language when learning a second language b.
Raymond hickey contrastive meaning englishgerman page 2 of 23 types of interference at the centre of applied contrastive linguistics is the notion of transfer. Another reason why my area is defined as theoretical and comparative linguistics is that i am convinced that theoretical linguistics and comparative linguistics need each other. Contrastive linguistics has also been called differential linguistics and is a subsection of comparative linguistics that is separated by its studying of only two languages at any one time. Comparative grammar was the most important branch of linguistics in the 19th century in europe. It is the third of these issues that is addressed by the present article. Contrastive analysis hypothesis is an area of comparative linguistics which is concerned with the comparison of two or more languages to determine the. Comparative linguistics an overview sciencedirect topics. Narrowly specified, contrastive linguistics can be concerned as a branch of relative linguistics that is worried about pairs of languages which are socioculturally connected. What is contrastive linguistics 1 contrastive analysis hypothesis second language learning.
One of the earliest theories in this linguistic approach was contrastive analysis hypothesis lado 1957, which became especially influential in language teaching and learning. A comparative textual model is presented in chapter 3, which is shown to be relevant to most branches of linguistic description and language use chapter 4. The overall purposes of the project are to prepare a polishenglish contrastive grammar and to develop pedagogical materials. Contrastive analysis is an inductive investigative approach based on the distinctive elements in a language. Analysis lecture on phonological analysis for comparative linguistics course. Raymond hickey institute for anglophone studies university of duisburg and essen summer term 2017 table of contents contrastive linguistics types of interference contrastive phonology contrastive morphology language type and morphology differences in the nominal area contrastive lexicology and wordformation lexical gaps and compounding. A contrastive analysis between english and korean comparative constructions. Contrastive analysis, error analysis, interlanguage and the.
Comparative case studies may be developed on the proposition that selected cases reflect the functioning of a common underlying structure, somewhat analogous to comparative linguistics. The term contrastive linguistics is also sometimes used for comparative studies of small groups rather than just pairs of languages, and does not require a sociocultural link between the languages investigated. Corpus studies in contrastive linguistics edited by. Languages in contrast publishes contrastive studies of two or more languages. Contrastive analysis between english and arabic prepositions.